Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:51 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015095
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15095
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePindolol
DescriptionPindolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)Pindolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, Pindolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.
Structure
Data?1582753258
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-(1H-indol-4-Yloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-olChEBI
1-(1H-indol-4-Yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)-propan-2-olChEBI
1-(1H-indol-4-Yloxy)-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propan-2-olChEBI
4-(2-Hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-indoleChEBI
BetapindolChEBI
Blockin LChEBI
Blocklin LChEBI
Blocklin-LChEBI
CalviskenChEBI
CardilateChEBI
CarviskenChEBI
DecretenChEBI
DurapindolChEBI
Glauco-viskenChEBI
PectoblocChEBI
PinbetolChEBI
PindololumChEBI
PrinodololChEBI
PynastinChEBI
ViskenChEBI
Cardilic acidGenerator
LB 46HMDB
LB-46HMDB
PrindololHMDB
Chemical FormulaC14H20N2O2
Average Molecular Weight248.3208
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight248.152477894
IUPAC Name1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol
Traditional Name1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol
CAS Registry Number13523-86-9
SMILES
CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C14H20N2O2/c1-10(2)16-8-11(17)9-18-14-5-3-4-13-12(14)6-7-15-13/h3-7,10-11,15-17H,8-9H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyJZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. Indoles are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassIndoles and derivatives
Sub ClassIndoles
Direct ParentIndoles
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Indole
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrrole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Azacycle
  • Secondary amine
  • Ether
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point167 - 171 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.86 g/LNot Available
LogP1.9Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM159.130932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.86 g/LALOGPS
logP2.17ALOGPS
logP1.69ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.09ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.67ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.28 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity71.46 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability28.27 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+157.97131661259
DarkChem[M-H]-153.65131661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+155.75230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-153.39430932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-187.06130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+162.3430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+159.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+156.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+162.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+163.832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-162.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-162.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-163.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
PindololCC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN23303.0Standard polar33892256
PindololCC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN22239.3Standard non polar33892256
PindololCC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN22264.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Pindolol,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C2269.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)[Si](C)(C)C2459.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,1TMS,isomer #3CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C2348.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2482.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2447.9Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2782.4Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #2CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2334.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #2CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2358.3Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #2CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C2674.0Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #3CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2499.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #3CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2523.1Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TMS,isomer #3CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2800.3Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,3TMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2557.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,3TMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2523.6Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,3TMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2626.3Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2504.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2708.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2569.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2960.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2891.1Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C[NH]2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2944.8Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2753.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2773.5Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2841.7Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2935.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2907.2Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)N(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2949.4Standard polar33892256
Pindolol,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3170.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3118.7Standard non polar33892256
Pindolol,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)N(CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2871.6Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9810000000-7bc0638a69aba25ecb872017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0089-9600000000-8fd11cc5a2fed53848682017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pindolol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-2900000000-e773b852c7d4839b531d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-01c3-1900000000-97bebf43acd96bd5cf5b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-01ba-0920000000-9c68ad2e49235b6307372017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-0900000000-e0edd57b20d4dcecb4402017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-1690000000-c5bffa0f5938ebc6de4b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015c-0900000000-7208a6ab59379bc60e742021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-0900000000-762d3fea483c879a01e12021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-2900000000-de1a6711be132a9bc4062021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-007p-0900000000-c7b76abb87f901266e0c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00l6-0900000000-8b95aec2199af320261b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 80V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01c3-1900000000-97bebf43acd96bd5cf5b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0890000000-a3c20cc0c0efe2b51cfd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0090000000-9425d68d4cc59a32a43c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01ba-0920000000-7f7959d21664f3e06a2e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-1490000000-8f45ac285bc25d6569962016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00yi-7940000000-9107bd061a82704636c42016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-060r-9400000000-da4f9e474bae11b0421c2016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000t-1790000000-f688d386b1973d57f3782016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-cdd2bc6227637ee1b1fa2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-2900000000-5d0d9df543fddaa5d1b82016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0090000000-29275e6bc02f599a2d5e2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-4890000000-dae8e1ddd1e40cf910672021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ab9-9300000000-f3f457ae6618e846a1102021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0940000000-e2efd23ab9a55ae847892021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pindolol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-3900000000-3f95741c34f2779419f42021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00960 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00960 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00960
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4662
KEGG Compound IDC07445
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPindolol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4828
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID8214
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity
Gene Name:
ADRB1
Uniprot ID:
P08588
Molecular weight:
51322.1
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Joseph SS, Lynham JA, Molenaar P, Grace AA, Colledge WH, Kaumann AJ: Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of (-)-pindolol mediated through a (-)-propranolol-resistant site of the beta1-adrenoceptor in human atrium and recombinant receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;368(6):496-503. Epub 2003 Nov 8. [PubMed:14608456 ]
  3. Doggrell SA: Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1169-77. [PubMed:1687398 ]
  4. Berendsen HH, Broekkamp CL, Van Delft AM: Antagonism of 8-OH-DPAT-induced behaviour in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Oct 2;187(1):97-103. [PubMed:2148726 ]
  5. Watkins DJ, Lawrence AJ, Lewis SJ, Jarrott B: Loss of [125I]-pindolol binding to beta-adrenoceptors on rat nodose ganglion after chronic isoprenaline treatment. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1996 Aug 27;60(1-2):12-6. [PubMed:8884690 ]
  6. Brodde OE, Michel MC, Wang XL, Zerkowski HR: Chronic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment modulates human cardiac and vascular beta-adrenoceptor density in a subtype-selective fashion. J Hypertens Suppl. 1988 Dec;6(4):S497-500. [PubMed:2907348 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine
Gene Name:
ADRB2
Uniprot ID:
P07550
Molecular weight:
46458.3
References
  1. Rubenstein LA, Zauhar RJ, Lanzara RG: Molecular dynamics of a biophysical model for beta2-adrenergic and G protein-coupled receptor activation. J Mol Graph Model. 2006 Dec;25(4):396-409. Epub 2006 Mar 30. [PubMed:16574446 ]
  2. Dejgaard A, Liggett SB, Christensen NJ, Cryer PE, Hilsted J: Adrenergic receptors are a fallible index of adrenergic denervation hypersensitivity. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1991 Dec;51(8):659-66. [PubMed:1666931 ]
  3. Wheeldon NM, Newnham DM, Fraser GC, McDevitt DG, Lipworth BJ: The effect of pindolol on creatine kinase is not due to beta 2-adrenoceptor partial agonist activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Jun;31(6):723-4. [PubMed:1678274 ]
  4. Doggrell SA: Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1169-77. [PubMed:1687398 ]
  5. Doggrell SA: Relaxant and beta 2-adrenoceptor blocking activities of (+/- )-, (+)- and (-)-pindolol on the rat isolated aorta. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1990 Jun;42(6):444-6. [PubMed:1979630 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
Gene Name:
HTR1B
Uniprot ID:
P28222
Molecular weight:
43567.5
References
  1. Dawson LA, Nguyen HQ: The role of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors on the modulation of acute fluoxetine-induced changes in extracellular 5-HT: the mechanism of action of (+/-)pindolol. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Apr 3;39(6):1044-52. [PubMed:10727715 ]
  2. Ariani K, Hamblin MW, Tan GL, Stratford CA, Ciaranello RD: G protein dependent alterations in [125I]iodocyanopindolol and +/- cyanopindolol binding at 5-HT1B binding sites in rat brain membranes. Neurochem Res. 1989 Sep;14(9):835-43. [PubMed:2512511 ]
  3. Leonhardt S, Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M: Detection of a novel serotonin receptor subtype (5-HT1E) in human brain: interaction with a GTP-binding protein. J Neurochem. 1989 Aug;53(2):465-71. [PubMed:2664084 ]
  4. Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M, Leonhardt S, Struble R, Price D: Serotonin 5-HT1D receptors in human prefrontal cortex and caudate: interaction with a GTP binding protein. J Neurochem. 1988 Dec;51(6):1906-12. [PubMed:3141589 ]
  5. Terron JA, Lopez-Munoz FJ, Hong E, Villalon CM: 2-(2-Aminoethyl)-quinoline (D-1997): a novel agonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine1-like receptors in the canine basilar artery. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1994 Jan-Feb;327(1):56-68. [PubMed:7944828 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
Gene Name:
HTR1A
Uniprot ID:
P08908
Molecular weight:
46106.3
References
  1. Smeraldi E, Benedetti F, Barbini B, Campori E, Colombo C: Sustained antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation combined with pindolol in bipolar depression. A placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Apr;20(4):380-5. [PubMed:10088139 ]
  2. Haddjeri N, de Montigny C, Blier P: Modulation of the firing activity of rat serotonin and noradrenaline neurons by (+/-)pindolol. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 May 1;45(9):1163-9. [PubMed:10331108 ]
  3. Gobert A, Millan MJ: Modulation of dialysate levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin (5-HT) in the frontal cortex of freely-moving rats by (-)-pindolol alone and in association with 5-HT reuptake inhibitors: comparative roles of beta-adrenergic, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT1B receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Aug;21(2):268-84. [PubMed:10432475 ]
  4. Andree B, Thorberg SO, Halldin C, Farde L: Pindolol binding to 5-HT1A receptors in the human brain confirmed with positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Jun;144(3):303-5. [PubMed:10435400 ]
  5. Fornal CA, Martin FJ, Metzler CW, Jacobs BL: Pindolol suppresses serotonergic neuronal activity and does not block the inhibition of serotonergic neurons produced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin in awake cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):229-38. [PubMed:10490909 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]